基于灰色系统理论的农村水利建设研究

水是农业发展的命脉,水利建设事关国家的粮食安全。近年来我国农村水利建设明显滞后并且存在一系列问题,但农业综合生产能力却逐年增加,农村水利是否正向作用于农业综合生产能力?基于灰色系统理论,测算出关联度系数,发现水利建设对粮食生产正向影响模式,农村水利建设对于农业综合生产力的提升以及新农村建设非常重要。我国应该科学合理安排水利投资,充分发挥其与农业发展的协同效应,以保障农民增收,实现农村的可持续发展。     

Habitat use and home range of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) on farmlands in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) are an abundant mesopredator on farmlands (croplands and rangelands) across South Africa. Given their adaptability in a changing anthropogenic landscape, knowledge of spatial movements can provide important ecological information on the species. We captured, collared and monitored five black-backed jackals in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal to determine their home range and habitat use in farmlands. The 95% fixed kernel (95% FK) home range sizes were large, showing a marked seasonal variation in movement. One adult male dispersed 150?km over two seasons (winter and spring) and thereafter settled into a home range that it maintained. Transient home ranges of males and juveniles were larger than resident home ranges. The mean resident home ranges (95% FK) across seasons for adult males, adult female and juvenile males were 11.4 ± 4.3 km², 5.6 ± 0.36?km² and 2.15 ± 0.45?km², respectively. The mean transient home ranges (95% FK) of all the seasons for adult and juvenile males were 1 181.93 ± 575.81 km² and 104.27 ± 35.64?km², respectively. Adult jackal preferred croplands in spring, summer and autumn but avoided croplands in winter. Variable habitat use and large home ranges in our study confirmed the species’ ability to adapt to agricultural areas.     

关于做好农业和农村节水工作的几点思考

农业用水占我国用水总量的 70 % ,开展和推进农业节水 ,是建立节水型社会的关键 ,也是实现我国水资源可持续利用的内在要求。要做好农业和农村节水工作 ,应当十分重视“预测预报、水资源保障、城乡供水、水污染防治、防洪减灾、计量监测、技术推广、投融资、抗旱服务、政策法规”等十大体系的建立和建设     

发展农业机械化,建设社会主义新农村

现代化的农机装备作为先进的劳动工具,推动了生产力和文明社会的快速发展。建设社会主义新农村,农业机械化既是充要条件,又是必要条件;农业机械化是实现生产发展、生活宽裕、村容整洁、环境和谐的手段、条件、保证。没有农业的机械化,不可能有真正意义上的社会主义新农村建设。     

日本精准农业研究与开发现状

精准农业以减轻环境负荷、增加产量为目标。正在给农业领域带来一场新的革命。日本在这一领域的研究有其特殊性，自1998年农林水产省启动开发项目“日本式精准农业”以来，一些大学与企业合作进行了不少基础性研究。为此。介绍了日本精准农业理念及研究情况．对我国发展精准农业具有借鉴意义。     

环境污染对农业生态系统服务功能影响

农业生态系统服务功能是农业生态过程和人类活动所形成的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用. 城市污染物排放增加, 农业化学品污染加重, 农村畜禽粪尿污染成灾以及乡镇企业污染发展影响了农业生态系统有机质生产, 降低了农业产品品质, 减弱了土壤生态过程, 破坏了生物多样性, 减弱了气候调节与减灾功能, 减少了动物传粉与有害生物控制效应七项生态服务功能. 遏止环境污染是保护农业生态系统服务功能的关键.     

生态技术在现代农业中的地位及其技术群构成

提出了现代农业的主要支撑技术包括生态技术、生物技术和管理技术,并分析了此三类支撑技术的相互关系;通过深入比较,指出生态技术在现代农业中应占主导地位,这是现代农业发展的内在要求,是中国生态环境现状的必然选择,是建立社会主义和谐社会的必然趋势;同时提出了生态技术群中应该重点发展的主要技术:立体农业技术、综合养殖生态技术、特色农业技术、多色农业技术、设施农业技术、农业综合节水技术、农业污染综合防治技术和无公害绿色农产品标准化生产技术等。     

Design of the Virtual Instrument of Frequency/Amplitude Sweep

In this paper the inevitable trend of constructing open ecosystem in modern settlement environment was discussed through the history of the settlement environment and the characters of modern settlement environment.The ecological crisis,change of the modern life and the citizens' needs and the ecological system character show,that it is important for sustainable development of the settlement environment to construct open ecosystem.The construction of modern habitation and the city room embodies the concept of open ecosystem.Then,in construction and research of modern settlement,the ecological viewpoint and method should be applied.